Ancient DNA reveals the deadly diseases behind Napoleons defeat

Researchers have uncovered microbial evidence in the remains of Napoleons soldiers from the 1812 Russian retreat. Genetic analysis revealed pathogens behind paratyphoid and relapsing fever, diseases likely contributing to the armys massive losses. Using advanced DNA sequencing, the team pieced together centuries-old infection clues, connecting historical accounts with modern science. Their work redefines our understanding of how disease shaped historys most infamous retreat.